Will it spark an earthquake? Fears over plans to pour
24 million gallons of water - and $43 MILLION - into Oregon volcano to see if
it can create electricity
By Daily Mail Reporter
Last updated at 5:31 PM on 15th
January 2012
Engineers are set to pour 24 million
gallons of water into a dormant volcano in Oregon to test whether it can create
a renewable source of energy that does not rely on the weather.
Water will be pumped into the
Newberry volcano - 20 miles south of Bend, Oregon - to pick up heat from
fractures in the base of the rock. The heated water then turns to steam,
generating power.
But the project, which will start
this summer, has sparked concerns that pumping water deep into the belly of a
volcano could lead to an earthquake - as similar projects have in the past.

Getting ready: Newberry Crater
project drilling manager Fred Wilson at the site in May 2008. This summer,
engineers will pump water into the volcano to see if they can generate
electricity from the earth's heat
Using the earth's heat to generate
power, known as geothermal energy, is an alternative to other renewable energy
sources, such as turbines or solar panels.
These processes rely on stiff
breezes and regular sunshine to generate enough power, yet the geothermal
technology can provide a consistent source of energy.
But as well as quake fears, there
are also concerns it is hard to create a reservoir big enough to run a
commercial power plant.
Despite these worries, the federal
government, Google and other investors are interested enough to bet $43 million
on the Oregon project.
Together with AltaRock Energy, Inc.
from Seattle and Davenport Newberry Holdings LLC from Stamford, Connecticut,
they will test whether the new level in geothermal power can work.
'We know the heat is there,' Susan
Petty, president of AltaRock, told the Associated Press. 'The big issue is can
we circulate enough water through the system to make it economic.'

Site: The Newberry Volcano, which
has not erupted in 1,300 years, is 20 miles south of Bend, Oregon. Geothermal
developers are interested in extracting heat from hot rocks beneath the surface

Distance: Developers say it is far
enough from an urban area that damage is unlikely if there is an quake
In geothermal energy, hot water or
steam that bubbles near the surface is used to turn a turbine creating
electricity. But most viable areas have been exploited.
Now engineers are in search of
places with hot rocks that are not cracked, using a new technology called
Enhanced Geothermal Systems.
'To build geothermal in a big way
beyond where it is now requires new technology, and that is where EGS comes
in,' Steve Hickman, a research geophysicist with the U.S. Geological Survey in
Menlo Park, California, told the AP.
Wells are drilled deep into the rock
and water is pumped in, creating tiny fractures in the rock, a process known as
hydroshearing. Cold water is then pumped down wells into the reservoir, and
steam is drawn out.
Over three weeks, AltaRock will pour
800 gallons of water per minute into the 10,600-foot test well.
The process will produce a reservoir
of cracks starting about 6,000 feet below the surface, and reaching down to
11,000 feet. It would be about 3,300 feet in diameter.

How it works: The graphic shows how
water will be pumped under the surface and generate power
Thanks to worries about earthquakes
and space constraints, progress in the technology has been slow so far.
There are two small plants in France
and Germany. A project in Australia has had drilling problems, while a plant in
Basel, Switzerland, was shut down after earthquake complaints.
'That's
the $64,000 question. What's the biggest earthquake we can have from induced
seismicity that the public can worry about'
Ernie Majer, seismologist
An international protocol comes out
at the end of this month that urges EGS developers to keep projects out of
urban areas to avoid quake damage.
It is believed that the danger of a
major earthquake at Newberry is low as it has no significant fault lines. It is
also far enough from populated areas that property damage would be unlikely.
But the Department of Energy will be
monitoring the project and any significant quakes would shut it down
temporarily.
'That's the $64,000 question,' Ernie
Majer, a seismologist with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, said.
'What's the biggest earthquake we can have from induced seismicity that the
public can worry about.'
The U.S. Department of Energy has
given the project $21.5 million, which has been matched by private investors,
among them Google with $6.3 million.

Process: Cold water will be pumped
below the surface, cracking rocks and extracting heat. When the water is pumped
back to the surface, it escapes as steam that can be used to generate power
through a turbine
The U.S. Bureau of Land Management
released an environmental assessment of the Newberry project last month that
does not foresee any problems that would stop it, the AP reported. The agency
is taking public comments before making a final decision about the project's
future.
No power plant is proposed, but one
could be operating in about 10 years, Doug Perry, president and CEO of
Davenport Newberry, told the AP.
If successful, the results could be
significant.
An assessment in 2008 found EGS
throughout the West, where hot rocks are closer to the surface than in the
East, could produce half the country's electricity.
'The important question we need to
answer now,' said Colin Williams, a geophysicist who compiled the assessment,
'is how geothermal fits into the renewable energy picture, and how EGS fits. How
much it is going to cost, and how much is available.'
Although the volcano has not erupted
in 1,300 years, hot rocks close to the surface drew exploratory wells in the
1980s.
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2086985/Newberry-Volcano-Engineers-pour-24-million-gallons-water-Oregon-volcano-create-electricity.html#ixzz1jbGCn46J